C29 - Forced Labour Convention, 1930

This Convention requires the suppression of forced or compulsory labour in all its forms. Forced labour is ‘all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.' The ILO Committee of Experts has held that this definition is sufficiently wide to cover debt-bondage.

For the purposes of this Convention, the term ‘forced labour' does not include obligations such as military service or other normal civic obligations. Also excluded is work exacted as a consequence of a criminal conviction.

Also relevant to this Convention: R35 - Forced Labour (Indirect Compulsion) Recommendation, 1930.

C105 - Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957

This Convention prohibits the use of any form of forced or compulsory labour - including work following a criminal conviction - as a means of:

• political coercion or education, or punishment for the expression of political or ideological views,
• workforce mobilisation for purposes of economic development
• labour discipline
• punishment for participation in strikes, or
• racial, social, national or religious discrimination.

C190 - Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 & Recommendation R206, 2019

The Convention and Recommendation provide clarity and legal protection against violence and sexual harassment at work. Together, they provide a clear framework for action and an opportunity to shape a future of work based on dignity and respect, free from violence and harassment, and apply to everyone in the world of work, in both the formal and informal economy.