Worker representation: A foundation for responsible workplaces

Respecting workers' rights to organise and bargain collectively is essential to achieving fair and sustainable workplaces throughout global supply chains. 

Worker representation lies at the heart of this principle — enabling workers to speak up, influence decisions, and shape the conditions in which they work. 

The importance of Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining 

Freedom of association — the right of workers to form or join organisations of their own choosing — and collective bargaining — the process through which workers and employers negotiate employment terms — are internationally recognised human rights. They are enshrined in the ILO's core conventions and form the foundation of decent work. 

In supply chains across the globe, where low pay, insecure work, and poor conditions are common, these rights are critical. Independent worker representation helps to rebalance power, giving workers a voice to challenge exploitation and advocate for fairer treatment. When workers are able to organise and bargain collectively, they are better positioned to improve wages, safety, working hours, and respect on the job — all of which contribute to more resilient and productive workplaces. 

Challenges to worker representation today 

Despite international standards, many workers still face significant barriers to organising. In some countries, legal restrictions limit or ban union activity. In others, weak enforcement leaves workers vulnerable to intimidation, retaliation, or dismissal when they try to assert their rights. 

Global supply chains — often complex, multi-tiered, and driven by intense commercial pressures — can make it harder still for worker voices to be heard. Outsourcing, informal work arrangements, and short-term contracts undermine the ability of unions to engage effectively. Migrant workers, women, and those in precarious jobs are particularly at risk of exclusion and discrimination. 

These challenges are compounded by a broader global climate in which democratic space is shrinking and labour rights are under threat. In this context, promoting meaningful worker representation is more important than ever. 

The business case for supporting union rights 

Companies that actively support worker representation and build constructive relationships with unions can benefit in tangible ways. A workforce that has a say in how work is organised is more motivated, more productive, and less likely to leave. Research shows that unionised workplaces tend to have lower accident rates, fewer disputes, and better compliance with labour standards. 

Engaging workers through their representatives also enables companies to better understand and address risks in their supply chains. It supports transparency and trust — both increasingly expected by investors, regulators, and consumers. 

Forward-looking businesses recognise that respecting union rights is not just a legal obligation or a matter of ethical responsibility. It is a strategic approach to workforce engagement, risk management, and long-term sustainability.